Why does a child grind his teeth: causes of grinding during sleep, during the day, methods of treatment

The unpleasant sound from grinding teeth scares many parents... Some try to find out why children grind their teeth, running to different doctors, while others give their child medicine for worms and calm down. Bruxism (as this phenomenon is scientifically called) is quite common among the younger generation. It can lead to disastrous consequences in the future. Therefore, to protect your child, do not panic in vain and find the true cause of the grinding noise.

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General description of the phenomenon

Half of children under 5 years of age involuntarily grind their teeth due to a spasm of the chewing muscles. Teeth grinding occurs involuntarily, occurs in paroxysms, lasts 1-2 minutes, and then repeats. The characteristic sound of teeth rubbing against each other can be heard from the nursery several times a night.

Attacks do not depend on the time of day and can occur during periods of rest and wakefulness. The child grinds his teeth day and night, but daytime grinding bothers adults more than nighttime grinding. Daytime grinding attacks are called bruxomania. Parents turn to the pediatrician when an episodic phenomenon develops into a chronic disorder.

Bruxism in children can be caused by dental, neurological and psychological reasons. In order for a child to stop grinding his teeth, the causes must be eliminated. Installing them is not so easy: you will need to undergo examination by a dentist, neurologist, endocrinologist and psychologist.

Teeth grinding is more common in young children. After 6-7 years it ceases to be a problem and disappears on its own. Bruxism is a rare phenomenon in adolescence and older age, which is diagnosed in only 10-15% of patients.

It is impossible to ignore teeth grinding in a child - it negatively affects the teeth, jaw and joints . Because of it, children:

tooth enamel wears off;
teeth become loose;
the bite is disturbed;
teeth become sensitive to hot, cold, sour and bitter foods;
the temporomandibular joint is overloaded;
spasms of the masticatory muscles occur;
involuntary spasms of the facial muscles occur, distorting the contour of the face.

Malocclusion leads to wear and then loss of teeth in youth, dislocation of the temporomandibular joint and facial asymmetry.

Teeth grinding is not considered a separate disease. This is a symptom caused by a disorder in the development of the dental system, parasitic diseases, and nervous strain. When making a diagnosis, the doctor assesses the general state of health, taking into account systemic, neurological and somatic symptoms.

Having heard the characteristic sound of grinding, parents need to carefully monitor the child and notice anything new in his behavior. In parallel with bruxism, other symptoms appear, which will make it easier to determine its causes. Tell your pediatrician if your baby has any complaints about your health that indicate fatigue or the development of a disease in the digestive, endocrine, or nervous systems.

Prevention measures

Of course, when a child grinds his teeth, parents are interested in whether it is possible to somehow prevent the development of the disease? Unfortunately, today there is no specific prevention of bruxism. But if you follow simple rules, it is quite possible to minimize the risk of its occurrence.

Pay attention to hygiene
The banal advice is not without common sense. Judge for yourself: a common cause of bruxism is a defensive reaction to the eruption of a new tooth. During the process, the gums become inflamed and mild itching may occur. It is advisable to give your child special teethers made of safe materials so that he does not rub his teeth against each other. Also, do not ignore brushing your teeth with special fingertips.

No stress!
Do you want your child to avoid grinding his teeth all night long and then all day long? Eliminate any nervous stress from his life. It is generally accepted that only what happens directly to him can have a negative impact on the baby’s psyche. In fact, your quarrel with your spouse or a loud conversation on the phone with a work colleague can negatively affect his mood.

Fight bad habits
Today, any doctor will tell you that the causes of teeth grinding are both an incorrect bite and a fixed pathological reflex, for example, sucking a pacifier to calm down in a stressful situation. Therefore, it is worthwhile to gently but decisively fight childhood bad habits and promptly consult an orthodontist if necessary.

Why does my child grind his teeth at night?

In a dream, a child grinds his teeth for various reasons.

Nervous overstrain

If the cause is nervous tension, check for the following signs:

rapid breathing;
rapid pulse;
active swallowing of saliva;
smacking;
slurping;
talking out loud while sleeping.

All this indicates overexcitation during the day. Emotionally active children and vulnerable kids who take everything to heart are more susceptible to stress than others. The former cannot sit still and waste a lot of energy, while the latter are sensitive to every little thing, which is why they experience more stress than their peers. Causes for concern may be:

adaptation to a new team;
changing of the living place;
tense parental relationships;
unfavorable family environment.

Stress accumulates during the day, and if the baby restrains or suppresses emotions, then when he relaxes at night, he cannot control the body.

Find out how to help your child adapt smoothly to school or kindergarten.

Active children do not experience stress caused by external circumstances, but independently bring themselves to nervous overstrain.

Problems with teeth, bite

Night grinding can occur due to dental problems:

teeth are positioned incorrectly;
the upper row of teeth does not meet the lower one;
the filling sticks out above the dentition line.

Enlarged adenoids

If a child grinds his teeth in his sleep and at the same time sniffles, breathes with difficulty through his nose or breathes with an open mouth, it is necessary to exclude enlarged adenoids. In this case, you will need to consult a pediatrician and otolaryngologist.

Other reasons – Dr. Komarovsky’s opinion on teeth grinding

Dr. Komarovsky gives various reasons for bruxism:

sensitivity of the child's psyche. Children perceive current events differently than adults, experiencing excessive emotional stress. If a child grinds his teeth in his sleep, he shows that he experienced stress during the day;
tooth growth. Children grind their jaws when teething and replacing baby teeth with molars;
diseases of the temporomandibular joint and malocclusion. Pathology of the dental system disrupts sleep by grinding teeth;
heredity. Studies confirm that 3-year-old children are 51.3% more likely to bruxism if one of their parents suffered from it;
bad dream. Teeth grinding occurs if sleep is disturbed by nightmares, speaking out loud, or sleepwalking;
breathing disorders. Adenoids, runny nose, and nasal congestion prevent the child from breathing normally. Breathing with your mouth slightly open can cause creaking;
vitamin deficiency. Disturbances in the functioning of the nervous system and contractions of the facial muscles can be caused by a lack of B vitamins, magnesium, calcium and essential amino acids;
there is no adequate load on the jaws. A child’s diet, which contains little solid food, does not help form the jaw apparatus.

Older people blame helminths for teeth grinding. Soviet-era grandmothers cite the presence of helminthic infestation as the main reason why a child grinds his teeth in his sleep. Both healthy children and children who have been diagnosed with worms grind their teeth. The connection between the parasitic disease - helminthiasis - and night grinding is not scientifically substantiated.

Consequences

If parents let the situation take its course and do not consult a doctor, this can have dire consequences. Lack of necessary treatment and recommended care in the future can lead to:

chips, abrasion and microcracks in tooth enamel;
development of periodontitis;
changes in bite and other transformations in the structure of not only the jaws, but also the facial joints;
chronic migraine;
neuralgic diseases;
spasms of facial muscles;
sleep disorders;
chronic diseases of the nasopharynx.

So grinding your teeth while sleeping can have serious consequences for the health of a child at any age. To protect him from them, timely medical assistance and appropriate parental care are necessary.

Bruxomania - teeth grinding while awake

Young children under 3 years of age may grind their teeth during the day if they are teething. So, by squeezing and unclenching their jaws, they try to get rid of the unpleasant sensation in the gums.

Involuntary grinding can also occur due to the fact that the lower row of teeth protrudes more forward or the upper row of teeth hangs excessively over the lower one. If, when closing the jaw, gaps are visible between the teeth, the baby is grinding due to an incorrectly formed bite.

Correct bite is not the norm, but rather the exception. 10% of the adult population can boast of a beautiful smile, while for everyone else, problems with the dental system develop in childhood.

Children over 3 years of age who do not have bite problems suffer from bruxomania if they have an extremely excitable nervous system or a stressful environment.

What about worms?

There is a common belief that teeth grinding may be a sign of a parasitic disease. This is due to the fact that preschool children often suffer from helminths. And it is precisely at this age that teeth grinding is typical. Also, this assumption was explained by the fact that when infected with helminths, salivation increases. This provokes clenching of the jaws, which leads to teeth grinding. But according to specialist research, this is just a coincidence. A direct connection between the presence of worms in a child and bruxism has not been identified.

What does childhood bruxism mean at different ages?

Teeth grinding may be a concomitant phenomenon associated with physiological changes in the body. Before running to the doctor, rule out age-related developmental features.

7-8 months

Grinding in infants may occur if they are weaned from breastfeeding or have had an emotionally charged day. At the same time, they begin to be capricious, cry, refuse to eat, disrupting their feeding and sleep patterns. To avoid a “scary” sound, the baby should be in the most comfortable environment possible. Weaning may be causing stress, so hold off on making feeding changes until later.

9-10 months

At this time, baby teeth begin to cut, which is why the baby’s gums swell, body temperature rises and behavior changes. The child cries more and puts all objects in his mouth. In this case, the grinding is a symptom that will go away after some time. To make your child feel better, give painkillers, anti-inflammatory medications, and use cooling gels for the gums.

11-12 months

Children grind their teeth after weaning and due to vitamin deficiency caused by a deficiency of micro- and macroelements in the new feeding. During this period, they sleep poorly and lose their appetite.

If in addition to this, the child experiences pale skin, convulsions and lethargy, you should immediately consult a doctor.

1-2 years

After the first year of life, babies suffer from nasal breathing problems and various inflammations of the nasopharynx. These children are diagnosed with:

adenoids;
labored breathing;
cough;
rhinitis;
sinusitis.

This age requires increased attention to health: prevent colds, strengthen the immune system and promptly treat diseases under the supervision of an otolaryngologist.

3-4 years

Children begin to socialize and communicate with peers in kindergarten. Adaptation in a team is complicated by the 3-year crisis, which manifests itself in the form of whims, hysterics, disobedience and non-compliance with the daily routine.

5-6 years

The creaking sound appears more often during the day than at night. Bruxism affects preschoolers who have problems with their bite or nervous system. It is accompanied by spasms of the facial muscles, incorrect positioning of the teeth, and complaints of pain from various organs. To avoid grinding, consult your dentist, pediatrician, and, if necessary, other doctors. Treat dental anomalies: you need to wear mouthguards, plates or other removable structures that correct the bite.

Set of preventive measures

Bruxism in most cases does not require treatment. Its prevention, according to pediatrician Evgeniy Komarovsky, is needed only because of the discomfort caused to the patient and his loved ones. Episodes of children's teeth grinding or the presence of such a phenomenon in parents require preventive measures. These include:

no hot baths in the evening;
relaxing the jaws, whenever possible, trying not to close them;
try to avoid emotional stress;
eating solid food for dinner;
relaxing massage, relaxation before rest;
warm wet compress on the cheeks and chin.

Advice! The emergence of such a problem should force us to reconsider the children's diet. Eliminate foods containing sugar, fast food, increase consumption of raw vegetables and fruits. Teas and drinks are replaced with decoctions of soothing herbs. A calm environment in the family, quiet games before bed, a favorite lullaby when the baby lies down to rest, help prevent bruxism or reduce its manifestation to a minimum.

About the need to treat bruxism

If teeth grinding disrupts sleep for several days, then it’s too early to sound the alarm. However, if the grinding episode becomes persistent, it is time to see a doctor. Parents need to find out why their child grinds his teeth if:

the grinding is strong and leads to pain in the jaw and neck;
the child continues to grind his teeth for 3 weeks or more;
poor health, complaints about sleep and pain from any organ system;
other symptoms appear.

Procedure for making a diagnosis:

make an appointment with your local doctor;
talk about changes that were noticed in the behavior and health of the baby;
get examined by a dentist;
as prescribed by the treating pediatrician, do polysomnography, consult with a neurologist, gastroenterologist, or otolaryngologist.

If you don't go to the hospital, you are putting your baby's health at risk. Untreated bruxism will lead to:

chipped tooth;
enamel microcracks;
tooth abrasion;
periodontitis;
malocclusion;
changes in jaw structure;
dysfunction of the facial joints;
headaches;
neuralgia;
spasms of the facial muscles;
disruption of sleep and wakefulness;
diseases of the nasopharynx.

During exacerbations of bruxism, nightmares and sleep disturbances alone will not be enough. Throughout his life, the child will face serious consequences after “childish” teeth grinding.

How is bruxism treated?

The course of treatment is selected after it is determined exactly why the child grinds his teeth. Depending on the reason, they may prescribe:

consultations with a psychologist teaching how to independently relieve nervous tension;
a course of psychotherapy to stabilize the emotional state;
drug treatment against cramps of the facial and masticatory muscles, damage to the trigeminal nerve;
therapeutic and preventive procedures for improving the health of the oral cavity;
anthelmintic drugs.

At the same time, the pediatrician will recommend not to overexert yourself before bed, stick to a routine, get a balanced diet, take a complex of vitamins for children, and attend physical therapy to normalize nasal breathing.

Diagnostic features

The doctor determines the fact of night grinding from the words of the child’s parents or close relatives, but it is important to confirm the diagnosis. The following methods are used for diagnosis:

polysomnography. The procedure involves fixing special sensors on the child’s body that record changes during sleep. Allows you to assess the functional state of the nervous system;
EEG. Makes it possible to evaluate the electrical activity of the brain, identify epilepsy and other disorders;
electromyography. This method of assessing the function of the masticatory muscles is based on the impact of electric current. The procedure is painless and allows you to determine excess muscle tone;
Brooks Checker. Special aligners made from a cast of the patient's jaw are installed overnight, after which the diagnostic plates are sent to the clinic for analysis. This method allows you to determine which teeth suffer from increased occlusal load and whether it occurs in general.

It is important to understand that these measures may not be enough to identify the true causes of the problem. In some cases, laboratory diagnostics are required: general blood tests, determination of hemoglobin levels, mineral content and other components. It may also be necessary to involve other specialized specialists: otolaryngologist, neurologist, psychotherapist, gastroenterologist.

Tips for parents

To have a restful sleep, instead of watching cartoons, outdoor activities and computer games, take a walk down the street in the evening. Before going to bed, a child can take a relaxing bath and listen to a good fairy tale that does not contain scary characters.

Contact your dentist even if there are no problems with your teeth, but bruxism is present. He will select a special mouth guard for night wear. It does not eliminate grinding, but protects teeth from abrasion.

Half of children grind their teeth, so there is no need to panic at a single grinding sound. You should be concerned about frequent squeaks.

To prevent a child from grinding his teeth, the cause must be found and eradicated. Make sure he avoids stressful situations, eats right and doesn't overwork himself.

Forms of the disease

Pediatric bruxism may vary in duration and frequency of episodes. However, it is important to understand that these are exclusively nighttime attacks of teeth grinding.

Bruxism should not be confused with bruxomania - clenching and grinding of teeth during the daytime, while awake. Such movements are usually voluntary and controllable, and in young children they may be associated with a newfound interest in the capabilities of their body when new teeth are just emerging. Experts say that some babies try to cope with the itching when teething. In this case, it is worth showing the child to a doctor, but usually the disorder is temporary and does not require correction.

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