What are impacted teeth, why do they appear and how to treat them?

In the practice of dentists, there are often cases when a patient’s tooth is fully formed, but does not erupt. It is called “retained”, and the problem is treated with special methods. Teeth that are formed but “stuck” inside the jaw can cause inflammatory processes: pericoronitis, periodontitis, periostitis, abscess, phlegmon, etc. Treatment is carried out using various methods, from removal to wearing specialized braces. reduce the risk of an impacted tooth , for example, wearing trainers that prepare the jaw for the appearance of new teeth.

What is retention? Why does pathology develop? Symptoms and diagnosis

Retention is considered one of the most common teething anomalies. Most often, problems arise with the lower and upper “wisdom teeth”, which grow incorrectly. They are usually encountered by adults. In children, a common impacted tooth is the canine of the upper jaw. The second premolars of the mandible often present unpleasant surprises.

Symptoms of unerupted teeth vary by owner. The problem may not manifest itself at all, or it may cause constant visits to the dentist. The variety of symptoms and their absence is due to the fact that the incorrect position of a tooth or its incomplete eruption is an almost natural phenomenon for humans. Approximately 35-45% of “wisdom eights” in adults are impacted teeth . Difficulties begin to arise when such a molar or premolar causes irritation of the soft tissue around it. Based on indirect signs - pain or inflammation - the doctor identifies the “wrong” tooth.

Semi-retinated teeth are visible immediately at the first examination: they partially grow, but not completely. Such partially erupted molars and premolars cause many more problems: being partially located in the soft tissues, they almost always cause inflammation. There is no need to specifically diagnose them: the doctor almost always finds such teeth during a routine examination.

Finding completely impacted teeth is a real quest. They may not be visible at all, because they are located under the existing elements of the dentition. In this case, there is only one diagnostic option: you need to take a full picture of the jaw, which will clearly show the whole picture. Below in the picture is a selection of examples. Impacted teeth are marked in red or with arrows.

Examples of impacted teeth on x-ray

Is it possible to diagnose retention yourself?

Yes, it is possible, but it is always necessary to additionally consult with a doctor who will decide on the future fate of the retention. Usually around the pathology there are:

• swelling and redness of tissue in the eruption zone;
• pain;
• pulsation;
• the patient feels weak;
• there may be an increase in temperature.

Sometimes retention can occur without symptoms or with muted symptoms, but at an appointment with a dentist, the pathology will be immediately diagnosed.

Unfortunately, the consequences of retention cannot be predicted, but most often cysts and granulomas form on such teeth. There is also a high probability of malocclusion due to the strong pressure of such a tooth on healthy ones.

Types of dental retention

There are many classifications of dental retention. One of the most popular methods of division is by degree of eruption. Thus, there are semi-impacted teeth , which are partially visible in the gum, and completely hidden - located under the gum or bone tissue. The latter are not available for palpation. If the impacted tooth is located in the gum tissue, the diagnosis will say “with tissue immersion,” but if it is located in the bone, “with bone immersion.”

Another classification method takes into account the position of the molar, canine or premolar:

• vertical,
• horizontal,
• corner.

Horizontal teeth can also be transverse, sagittal or oblique, and angular teeth can be mesial, distal, lingual or buccal angular. Rarely, but still there are reverse impacted teeth - these are elements that grow “upside down”, that is, their crown is directed towards the jaw.

Wisdom teeth. Execution cannot be pardoned...

How to place commas correctly in the title? What do you need to know and what to guide you when deciding whether to preserve or remove these teeth that are problematic from a dental point of view? Let's try to figure it out.

“Wisdom teeth” or “eight teeth” usually appear in a person closer to 20 years of age, plus or minus a few years (much more often plus than minus)... Not everyone really becomes wiser by this age, but people began to call them that, hinting specifically at their late appearance. At the same time, despite the name, 8s don’t make us smarter, but we’ll get tired of listing the hassle. Why is this happening?

This is how it is in nature: everything that it does not need gradually disappears. Man has long been getting his food not in the forest, but in the supermarket, eating not raw tough meat and plant roots, but a refined Big Mac... Therefore, we no longer have a great need for so many chewing teeth and such large massive jaws as our ancestors had. And that’s why we are evolving in the direction of reducing jaws and the number of teeth. Even now there are quite a few “advanced” individuals in evolutionary terms who generally lack the rudiments of the 8th teeth (and not only them, but sometimes also incisors and canines, which is less pleasant). Although, at the moment, this is rather an exception to the general rule. But the lack of space in the jaws for all 32 teeth, on the contrary, is rather the rule. And since wisdom teeth are the very last to appear, they usually lack this very place in the dentition. That's why we have so many problems with them. This is just one of the factors, but perhaps one of the main ones.

Now let’s look at exactly what problems “wise teeth” can cause us.

Complete tooth retention.

Retention is a condition in which a tooth, for various reasons, could not erupt at the right time and in the right place. Well, with complete retention, accordingly, the tooth does not show out at all and remains lying inside the jaw.

Red arrows show wisdom teeth, which lie completely in the thickness of the lower jaw. This is complete retention. Also, this patient naturally received a “bonus” of a completely impacted central upper incisor (shown by the blue arrow).

This arrangement could be considered quite good. Because the tooth lies inside the jaw, doesn’t touch anyone, doesn’t bother anyone... it would seem, and God is with it. In general, this is how it is. It’s probably not worth running as fast as you can to pick it out of your jaw. In this form, it can lie there all its life and not cause any trouble. Or maybe not entirely so. A so-called tooth may appear around such a tooth. follicular cyst. Therefore, it is best to observe such unerupted teeth by doing an orthopantomogram at least once a year*. Well... or remove such a tooth, forever forgetting about it and the need to monitor it. After all, there are many other things in life that you have to constantly think about and remember.

Partial retention.

By analogy, here we are talking about those cases when the wisdom tooth was still able to partially erupt, but not completely. What most often bothers him? Either a powerful bony protrusion of the jaw, or an incorrect position of the rudiment, or a neighboring 7... in general, there can be many reasons, the essence remains the same - part of the unerupted tooth remains inside, and part sticks out outside. This is the most common situation and it is this that most often leads to various really tangible problems. Which one exactly?

— pericoronitis is perhaps the most common complication of a partially erupted wisdom tooth. This is inflammation in the tissues surrounding this most problematic tooth - in the gums and bone. It manifests itself as pain, swelling and redness of the gums, difficulty swallowing, and fever.

In the farthest nook of the lower jaw you can see a partially erupted number 8 and the inflamed gum above it.

Often, patients try to self-medicate in such situations - they rinse the tooth with various drugs that are at hand (from chamomile decoction to five-star cognac), swallow painkillers uncontrollably, or, worse, antibiotics. Indeed, such measures (especially antibiotics) may subside the inflammation. But an unresolved cause will sooner or later lead to a relapse. Moreover, any inflammation in the area of ​​wisdom teeth can easily develop into an abscess or phlegmon of the face and neck, and these are serious, life-threatening surgical problems. And they are treated, among other things, by making external incisions on the face and neck. And this is really serious. I won’t insert unappetizing pictures here; a query in any search engine will help create additional motivation for any unbelieving Thomas.

I hope I have scared you enough so that you don’t feel the urge to self-medicate in such cases. You definitely need to visit a dental surgeon. If he sees no problems in the further teething of the figure eight, he will simply remove the gum hanging over the tooth (“hood”) and prescribe the necessary medications. If the tooth objectively can no longer erupt normally, then it will need to be removed. This is the only way to eliminate the cause and protect yourself from relapses of inflammation, as well as from serious purulent complications of an initially trivial problem.

— caries of the root of the adjacent 7th tooth. Often, when the 8 is “stuck” and has no chance of cutting through further, but does not bother, patients do not even think about contacting a doctor, because "does not hurt". In fact, such a semi-erupted tooth makes it difficult to maintain normal hygiene in this area and this leads to caries damage to the neighboring tooth. Moreover, the most unpleasant thing about this option is that caries develops near the very base of the tooth, develops unnoticed, and the cavity can remain invisible for a long time. As a result, a huge “hole” grows, going deep under the gum, and it is not always possible to restore such a defect qualitatively. As a finale - the loss of a good neighbor due to the “wise tooth” not being removed in time. Moreover, it will be possible to make up for the lost 7 only with an implant (which is not cheap) or a removable prosthesis (which is inconvenient to use and significantly reduces the quality of life)

On the x-ray, the arrow shows a carious cavity that arose on the 7th tooth due to its careless, wise neighbor. On the right is about the same thing, only in a live photo. The stuck figure eight is shown in green, and the caries that arose on the number 7 as a result of it is shown in blue.

- resorption (simply resorption) of the root of the adjacent 7th tooth. In general, the situation is similar to the previous one, with the same consequences. The only difference is that, having rested against its neighbor, the “wise tooth” can turn out to be very persistent and, with its pressure on the 7th tooth, cause the resorption of its hard tissues.

On the x-ray we see a wisdom tooth resting on the upper 7th. In the photo on the right is the same seven, after removal. This is the kind of root resorption that a stubborn wisdom tooth can cause due to its pressure.

- loss of bone from the adjacent 7th tooth... this is the third variation on the theme that behind a problematic, but seemingly not bothersome wisdom tooth, an innocent, good and necessary neighbor can easily suffer. An incompletely erupted wisdom tooth, resting against the 7-point, can create a space in which food debris will accumulate. This will cause periodontal pocket formation and bone loss between the 8th and 7th. But the result is still the same - removal of both teeth, bone grafting and implantation of the 7-piece.

Here the wisdom teeth decided to create problems for their owner as a couple. The lower one collapsed and rested on the 7th, causing bone loss. The top one, deprived of his partner, crawled down to meet him. What happens from this - read on.

- chronic injury to the mucous membrane. Often crookedly erupted wisdom teeth (especially the upper ones) when chewing cause chronic injury to the mucous membrane of the cheek and gums on the opposite jaw. This is unpleasant both in itself and in terms of prognosis - any chronic injury to the same place can lead to malignancy.

An upper wisdom tooth that grows unevenly towards the cheek (the gray arrow points to its tubercle) causes chronic injury to the mucous membrane (yellow arrow)

- blocking normal movements of the lower jaw with the possible development of problems of the temporomandibular joint. This is a rarer problem, but it still occurs. Each tooth in the dentition has its own pair on the opposite jaw - an antagonist tooth. And 8s are no exception. When wisdom tooth is removed or does not erupt , the other, opposite one, moves out. As a result, it can block the movements of the lower jaw and cause it to shift into an unphysiological position when chewing. This can be completely asymptomatic until symptoms begin in the joint - clicking, crunching, pain... etc.

Here the top eight lost their antagonist “thanks” to natural forces...

...and here thanks to the strength of the dentist. True, when removing one eight, you should immediately think about removing the antagonist. Well... or immediately put an implant and a crown in place of the removed wisdom tooth... if life seems too simple and bland to you.

Well, now a few words about what could happen to wisdom teeth , which still managed to erupt in their place and quite evenly. Can they really cause inconvenience in such a situation? It turns out they can.

Erupted wisdom teeth.

The main problem with properly grown 8s, despite everything, is their inaccessibility... both for hygienic measures and for quality treatment. Laziness, haste, and an increased gag reflex are the most common reasons why the hygiene of wisdom teeth is, as a rule, insufficient to prevent the occurrence of caries on them. For the same reason, quality treatment is difficult. Poor visibility, difficulties with applying a rubber dam, frequent “exclusive” structure of the canals, making them difficult to pass even for well-trained and equipped endodontists, difficulty opening the patient’s mouth (and even with normal opening, getting close to the figure eight with an instrument is not so easy), the same increased gag reflex in the patient... All these objective difficulties often force one to make a decision to remove the apparently good 8-ok. Because it’s better to remove it well once and forget about the problem, than to redo the same tooth many times, and then... remove it anyway.

There are doctors who unreasonably expand the indications for the treatment of 8th teeth, i.e. seemingly showing genuine care for the patient’s teeth, but in reality... But in reality, what happens first is the treatment of small caries, after a short time - relapse of caries, then pulpitis, then periodontitis... and, finally, natural removal after a few years. It seems that nothing has changed, except that the doctor manages to remove several “harvests” from the same problem before actually solving it. This does not always happen maliciously; some actually believe that they are prolonging the life of 8s for the benefit of the patient. Moreover, patients themselves often ask for this. At the same time, I often heard from opponents of the removal of the 8th teeth that “there is always time to remove”, “what’s mine is mine and I won’t give it up for anything”, “then, if something happens to the 7th, it will be possible to install a bridge with a support at 8." I think all the previous examples speak quite eloquently about the fact that it is not always possible to “delete” on time. If it’s such a pity to part with your teeth in favor of the dentist, then you can take them away and make a stylish decoration for a long memory... both your health will benefit, and your wisdom will always remain with you.

As for 8s as a support for bridges, the time has already passed when it was possible to talk about this seriously. Today, implantation solves the problem of the absence of any tooth without the need to “sharpen” neighboring ones. In addition, wisdom teeth, in principle, should not bear the load of their more functionally loaded colleagues (6s and 7s), because They are not at all suited for this work. Try to force a podium model, who has been on diets all her life, not just to lift a barbell, but to set a new world record in women's weightlifting... I'm afraid she will simply be crushed by sports equipment that trained female athletes can easily lift. For to each his own... It’s the same with teeth. The 6th and 7th teeth have 3 or even 4 multidirectional powerful roots, which nature designed to withstand heavy chewing loads. And in the eighth teeth, the roots almost always grow together into a single monolith, which has a cone shape and is not at all so stable - God forbid it could hold itself in the jaw. And if some irresponsible orthopedic dentists try to put an additional load on such a root, then this 8 comes to an end quite quickly, just like the “weightlifter” model... Another trouble that orthodontists often have to deal with... 8s they can grow... and grow seemingly correctly and well, but at the cost of the fact that the remaining teeth will be completely shamelessly moved, and the doctor will state that your teeth are crowded .

And since this process is not momentary, it is usually noticed too late. The price of such inattention is the removal of 8s and wearing braces.

So, to summarize, in the vast majority of cases, eights are a real headache for both patients and dentists. Modern man (if he does not live in the forest the life of our distant ancestors) really needs them insofar as. Those. If your wisdom teeth have grown evenly and in their place, you are able to care for and cherish them along with everyone else, then, thank God! Let them chew. Although I can admit from my own experience, such lucky people are an overwhelming minority. If signs of one of the above-mentioned problems appear, then there is no need to hesitate, be afraid and regret losing a part of yourself... Wisdom teeth are far from the most valuable thing about us. And without them, life does not get worse, but rather the opposite. This “on the contrary” is what I wish for you!.. With or without wisdom teeth.

Causes of impacted teeth. Is it possible to prevent retention?

The most popular reason for impacted teeth is genetic predisposition. Moreover, what is inherited is not the desire of the canines and molars to grow “some into the forest, some for firewood,” but the structure of the jaw. It can be narrow, which is why there is simply not enough space for all the necessary elements of the dentition. But there are other reasons:

• malocclusion, which has formed due to harmful myofunctional habits or mechanical injuries;
• early loss of baby teeth, due to which permanent teeth do not have guidelines for growth;
• “extra” teeth – atavism, called polyodontia;
• initially diseased tooth germs.

In some cases, retention problems can be prevented. Some orthodontists and pediatric dentists recommend the use of trainers to develop the dental arch and give growing canines and molars a guideline for eruption. If the problems are hereditary, only timely treatment will help.

You can read more about trainers in the article: Trainers for straightening teeth: description, varieties, tips for use

Who is prone to retention?

The likelihood of the described dental problem occurring is high if:

• hereditary predisposition to the disorder;
• the presence of supercomplex components;
• pulling out milk units too early;
• anomalies of the dental system;
• rickets;
• somatic pathologies;
• frequent infections;
• general weakness of the body;
• physical exhaustion;
• vitamin deficiency

Why are impacted teeth dangerous?

Despite the fact that sometimes unerupted teeth do not interfere with a person in any way, you need to understand that every impacted tooth is a potential cause of serious and unpleasant diseases. They lead to the following problems:

• inflammatory processes;
• non-healing ulcers on the gums and cheeks;
• constant appearance of caries, pulpitis;
• the appearance of gum pockets, which can cause periodontitis;
• infectious processes, often leading to osteomyelitis (purulent infection of the jaws).

The absence of symptoms is almost always the result of a happy accident, and not a normal development of events. Therefore, with such a diagnosis, it is very important to constantly see a doctor.

How does the violation manifest itself?

Symptoms depend on the type of disorder. If we are talking about partial retention, there is incomplete eruption of the crown apex. At the same time, the gums rise. A cavity is formed under it, in which food debris accumulates, bacteria and pathogens actively multiply. Because of this, a chronic inflammatory process is observed. A person complains of pain and discomfort. The tissues are always swollen and hyperemic.

Complete retention can occur for a long time without obvious symptoms. Most often, it is diagnosed accidentally during an X-ray examination of the adjacent area of ​​the mouth.

A doctor can suspect a problem by:

• the absence of a molar in a row (although it should have erupted long ago);
• unnatural roundness of the gums (with palpation it is sometimes possible to determine the contours of the upper part of the crown).

The danger of complete retention is that as the hidden unit grows, it begins to put pressure on its “neighbors.” Then the latter begin to shift. Even the destruction of their roots cannot be ruled out. In this case, the patient may complain of pain when chewing solid food.

Often, cervical caries appears at the point of contact between an impacted tooth and an erupted one. It is not easy to diagnose - a person will certainly not be able to notice such a “hole” on his own.

Due to constant irritation of the nerve fibers of the gum tissue, trigeminal neuritis can develop. Frequent companions of retention pathology are follicular cysts, osteomyelitis, sinusitis, phlegmon, and abscess. Therefore, you definitely shouldn’t let the disease take its course.

Principles of treatment: is it possible to avoid surgery?

Many patients are sure that an impacted dystopic tooth is necessarily a reason for surgical intervention. But dentists try not to cut without a good reason. Therefore, if your extra teeth are not inflamed and do not interfere with your life, it is quite possible to avoid surgery. The doctor may also prescribe the installation of hard metal braces, which will “pull” the partially erupted tooth from the gum tissue and fit it into the dentition.

Typically treatment proceeds as follows:

1. A diagnosis is carried out, which includes a visual examination and the creation of a panoramic image of the jaw.
2. The doctor examines the results and decides whether the tooth needs to be removed. If yes, then surgery is prescribed.
3. If the dentist sees other ways to solve the problem, he prefers them. First of all, the installation of a bracket system is considered. To do this, it is necessary that there is a place in the dentition where a new element could be placed.
4. If braces are not required or cannot yet be placed, the doctor will try to help the tooth erupt. For this purpose, medications and surgery are used. Teething assistance is often used when the wisdom tooth is partially left under the gum, but is positioned correctly.

Modern doctors have many treatment methods in their arsenal, but everything completely depends on the specific case.

Stages of treatment for an impacted tooth

What is a dystopic tooth?

Dystopic tooth

- abnormally erupted tooth. In the jaw it is not located in its proper place, the angle of landing is not physiological. It creates difficulties for the correct positioning of the rest of its brethren.

A dystopic tooth in the jaw develops pathologically, grows in several directions, dystopia occurs: with a deviation to the side - vestibular, tortoposition - the tooth rotates around an axis, with a position pressed into the jaw or extended out of it - distal and medial. In this case, the inclination of the dentition changes pathologically, as does the bite.

Wisdom teeth are characterized by the simultaneous development of two pathologies. The teeth are not only positioned incorrectly: at an angle, but it is also difficult for them to erupt; it happens that they erupt only a little, causing pain to the gums and neighboring teeth. Impacted and dystopic wisdom teeth must be removed. If there is no danger to neighboring teeth, there is no displacement of teeth, there is no discomfort during chewing or sleep, then doctors may decide not to do anything with the tooth.

Canine teeth can also suffer from two abnormalities at the same time, especially if this is caused by supernumerary teeth. If eruption occurs outside the dental arch with displacement, removal is indicated here if orthodontic structures do not help.

The causes of dystopia are:

• Large crown sizes of teeth, especially those that do not erupt completely.
• Supernumerary teeth for which there is no room in the jaw.
• Traumatization of the jaw area.
• Hand chewing, thumb sucking or pacifier sucking.

When is it necessary to remove an impacted tooth? Why remove impacted teeth?

Even an experienced surgeon will say that removing an impacted dystopic tooth is a serious and complex operation that should not be performed unnecessarily. Therefore, it is indicated in the following cases:

• inflammation of the soft tissues (pericoronitis) or jaw (osteomyelitis);
• the tooth is located in a follicular cyst or grows horizontally;
• a cyst or benign formation is diagnosed;
• pus or bacterial infection is detected.

Removal technique

Removal should be carried out by an experienced doctor who knows the specifics of working with impacted teeth. The main problem here is their inconvenient location, so it’s difficult for a beginner to cope with the problem. Removal takes place in several stages:

1. Performing local anesthesia (in case of complex tooth position, general anesthesia can be used).
2. An incision in the mucous membrane.
3. Drilling into bone tissue to create a hole.
4. Tooth extraction.
5. Removal of tooth or bone fragments.
6. Treatment of the wound.
7. Stitching.
8. Sutures are removed one week after surgery.

Often, the doctor has to first crush and then remove the tooth so as not to damage the adjacent molars and mucous membrane.

Contraindications

The operation will have to be postponed for the following reasons:

• the patient's serious condition due to any kind of illness;
• hypertensive crisis;
• nervous problems or mental disorders;
• viral infections;
• blood diseases;
• serious heart problems.

For women, this operation is not performed 2-3 days before the start of menstruation and after an abortion (at least 2 weeks must pass).

What complications occur after removal of impacted teeth? How to avoid them

Any operation can cause complications, and surgical treatment of an impacted tooth is no exception. Most often, the consequences manifest themselves as severe bleeding, pain, swelling of the gums or cheeks. If nerves are affected, increased sensitivity or insensitivity of the mouth and face may occur. Due to the incorrect actions of doctors, the patient faces a dislocation of the jaw or even a fracture.

The patient can avoid problems after surgery if he goes to a trusted clinic (excluding the human factor) and carefully takes care of the wound that appears in the mouth. Immediately after surgery, the patient should:

• refuse food for 3-4 hours;
• do not smoke for at least 3 hours;
• Avoid alcohol until the stitches are removed.

It is important to come back for a follow-up appointment with a surgeon or therapist. It is necessary to monitor the bleeding: if it does not stop for too long or painkillers do not work, you should contact the dentist immediately. Timely help will help avoid unpleasant consequences.

Postoperative care after removal of an impacted tooth

The doctor is obliged to advise the patient on how to properly care for the wound on the gum. Since removing an impacted tooth is a full-fledged operation, it is imperative to follow the rules of care. The patient needs:

• reduce physical activity to a minimum for 2-3 days after surgery;
• refuse hot and cold foods and liquids;
• change your toothbrush to a soft one;
• take only a warm shower or bath, do not visit baths and saunas;
• take all medications prescribed by your doctor (antibacterial therapy is usually prescribed).

It is important not to rinse your mouth so as not to disrupt the healing. You can make neat baths (liquid or herbal decoction is taken into the mouth, held without rinsing and spitting), but coordinate all procedures with your doctor.

Possible complications

When there is an impacted tooth in the oral cavity, dental problems arise over time, which can be used to determine the presence of an impacted tooth:

• the appearance of swelling and soreness of the gums and soft tissues around, aggravated by palpation, an inflammatory process in them;
• redness of the gums, pain reaction in it;
• numbness of the face that occurs due to the pressure of a tightly fitting (not erupted) tooth on the nerve endings;
• pulpitis and caries of neighboring teeth;
• the appearance of an odontogenic cyst;
• resorption (absorption) of the roots of teeth located next to the impacted tooth and constantly compressed by it;
• the onset of inflammation of the periosteum (flux);
• emerging gingivitis, pericoronitis, abscess;
• periostitis, osteomyelitis of the jaw bone and surrounding soft tissue;
• problems with the functional muscles of the face, violation of its aesthetics, difficulty opening the mouth, speech impairment;
• bad breath;
• painful, uncomfortable condition when chewing, inflammation of the mandibular nerve;
• disturbance of taste sensations;
• headaches, trigeminal neuralgia;
• Body temperature may rise and weakness may occur.

Conservative methods of treating retention

If the tooth is located correctly in the gum and there is minimal interference with eruption, doctors try not to remove it, but to return it to its intended place by nature. Different methods are used for this:

• laser correction;
• current pulses;
• gum massage;
• electrophoresis;
• some medicines.

All these treatment methods are aimed at making the tooth crown get rid of the gum hood on its own. They partially imitate the natural process of eruption of canines and molars. But the availability of such treatment depends on the situation.

How to stimulate tooth eruption

Stimulating the eruption of an impacted tooth is also one of the ways to treat the problem. The doctor prescribes specialized procedures if he sees that a molar or canine is positioned correctly, but its roots have not yet formed. Then the orthodontist recommends:

• Carrying out vacuum massage with special equipment;
• light finger massage at the site of eruption;
• electrical stimulation;
• exposure to ultrasound, laser, vibrating vacuum devices, etc.

Such methods are aimed at restoring blood circulation and accelerating metabolic processes in the gums.

CONTRAINDICATIONS.

Surgery to remove an impacted tooth is contraindicated in the following cases:

▪ state of hypertensive crisis;

▪ acute stages of heart disease or diseases of the nervous system;

▪ existing viral or infectious diseases:

▪ existing diseases of the blood and hematopoietic system;

▪ in the last phase of menstruation in women;

▪ if less than 14 days have passed since the operation to terminate the pregnancy.

Conclusions. Expert advice

An impacted tooth is a molar, premolar or incisor that is hidden in bone or gum tissue. If part of the tooth is visible, it is called semi-impacted. Many children and about 40% of adults face this problem when they lose their eights. The appearance of incorrectly positioned teeth itself may go unnoticed – the symptoms are associated with related diseases. Thus, caries in a tooth hidden in the gum almost always causes inflammation of nearby tissues.

It is believed that impacted dystopic teeth are a hereditary problem. But they can appear due to an incorrect bite. Retention can be improved using surgical intervention or conservative methods: massage, electrophoresis, etc. Some dentists recommend wearing trainers, which help develop the dental arch and reduce the risk of improper eruption.

Almost always, the orthodontist tries to return the tooth to the dentition using braces and other methods of influence. If this does not work, the doctor removes the foreign element. The operation is complex, so it is important to contact a specialist. Success largely depends not only on the doctor, but also on the patient: failure to comply with the rules of postoperative care leads to complications.

What to do if you suspect you have a similar problem? See a doctor and be constantly monitored by him. The dentist will prescribe treatment and help prevent complications.

Therapeutic tactics for a dystopic tooth

Removal of a dystopic tooth

occurs if the patient is over 16 years old and the tooth is significantly curved, and there is not enough space in the jaw for its location. If the defect cannot be corrected with orthodontic treatment, then the only option is to remove the tooth. Or it will gradually destroy the roots that are growing directly and cause inflammation of the gums. If other methods have failed, only then is a decision made to remove the tooth.

Dystopic teeth respond well to treatment if the patient is 16 years of age. Prevention of the occurrence of dystopia begins at the time of pregnancy, when the mother eats calcium, and after birth feeds milk, and does not give the pacifier too long. Children and adults should be checked by a dentist regularly to prevent dystopia.

The dentist's goal is to try to preserve the organ, if possible, and create a straight smile line. If saving treatment does not seem feasible, only then will removal be resorted to. For long-term results, it is important to understand how advisable it is to leave dystopic and impacted teeth in the jaw.

If the removal brings correction of the bite and straight teeth, then it will be motivated from the point of view of aesthetics and functionality. If the patient is not bothered by the eights, if they erupted a little crookedly, but do not affect the overall appearance and ability to chew food, then they can not be removed, but a full set of teeth can be left.

Indications for removal:

• Caries, pulpitis, periodontitis. A tooth with difficult access for complete treatment.
• Constant trauma to soft tissues in the area of ​​​​bite closure.
• The jaw is smaller than the teeth, so there is not enough space for them.
• If the roots of healthy teeth are reabsorbed.
• The aesthetic appearance of the patient is disrupted.
• They interfere with the installation of implants or prosthetics.
• Painful sensations when chewing.

Contraindications for removal are:

• Pregnancy.
• Diabetes.
• Hypertension
• Blood diseases