A child has a fistula on his gum. What should parents do?

If you notice an abscess or lump on your child’s gum, this is a reason to go to the doctor. Such formations in most cases indicate inflammatory processes inside the dental canals. The same applies to gumboil on a child’s gums - this is inflammation that has involved soft tissue, and has not broken into a fistula (bump), as in the first case.

Both flux and the appearance of a fistula require contacting a specialist. Let's talk about each of the options - what they look like, what the reasons are for their appearance, and what concerned parents should do about them.

What is a fistula

A fistula (gingival fistula) is a small seal on the gum. It is characterized by the presence of an open canal, as well as the constant discharge of pus. In many cases, the presence of such a fistula can be recognized visually when a tubercle appears on the child’s gum, the diameter of which usually does not exceed 2 cm. It has a reddish tint, gradually becomes inflamed, and a small funnel appears. As inflammation progresses, more signs of a problem appear.

It is important to pay attention to the fact that a child has such a pathology as early as possible. If this problem is not detected, the fistula can cause serious complications that will have a significant negative impact on the child’s health.

This phenomenon is especially dangerous for the reason that it often occurs in children when they do not yet know how to speak and cannot complain to their parents or describe the essence of the problem.

Next, we will talk about why a child has fistulas on the gums, what to do to prevent them and properly treat them.

What happens if gum recession is not treated?

• root caries (the root, unlike the crown of the tooth, is not covered with enamel - a dense “pearl” shell, and therefore is more vulnerable). Normally, the root is covered by the gum and is not exposed to the aggressive environment of the oral cavity (acids, humidity, microorganisms, enzymes). With gum recession, the exposed root is susceptible to destruction.
• abrasion of root tissues (again, due to the lack of enamel, tooth root tissues are not resistant to abrasion).
• increased sensitivity of teeth.
• the transition of a recession to a class that is not subject to complete closure.
• more plaque (the surface of the root is rougher than the surface of the tooth crown, which means that plaque is retained more when the roots are exposed).

Large gum recession, caries of the exposed tooth root, an abundance of soft plaque on the root surface.

Causes of gum fistula in a child

In most cases, the occurrence of a fistula is provoked due to the fact that pathogenic microflora is created in the child’s oral cavity. The active development of pathogenic microorganisms leads to the fact that suppuration begins to gradually accumulate in the gingival tissues.

Dentists especially emphasize that fistula should not be perceived as an independent disease. Often this is just a symptom showing that there are serious problems with the child’s health, and an inflammatory process is developing in the body. And where there is inflammation, there are sources.

There are several reasons that can contribute to suppuration:

• Periodontitis. It often causes problems in young children when parents do not pay attention to caries of baby teeth. Often it is due to severe tooth decay that the inflammatory process begins. If baby teeth have already been replaced by molars, the source of inflammation will be located right next to the root. In this place suppuration begins to form. It gradually breaks through, and a fistula canal is formed with all the attendant dangers.
• Cyst. Often a fistula occurs at the site of a dental cyst. This is the name for a formation on a child’s gum, inside of which fluid begins to accumulate. Then everything happens according to the same mechanism as in the case of periodontitis. Once there is too much liquid, it begins to break out.
• Osteomyelitis. Another common source of inflammation. It concentrates in the gum area. If you do not start treatment on time, you may experience bone tissue decomposition. A focus of infection is created, the inflammatory process is constantly progressing. The appearance of a fistula is inevitable, because at some point there is too much pus and the tissues cannot hold it.
• Gum injury. The reasons may be different - too hard a toothbrush, improper oral hygiene, scratches, gum punctures when eating food. Such a small wound becomes a source of infection in the body.

Determining the causes of inflammation and suppuration becomes the main task of the dentist. It is important to understand what exactly caused the fistula. Our dentists use advanced diagnostic methods to identify the source of the problem as quickly as possible and eliminate it using one of the available methods.

Reasons for appearance

In medicine, a hole in the gum is called a fistula. A fistula appears as a consequence of the activity of harmful microorganisms that are located in the area of ​​the alveolar process. As a rule, the causative agents of pathology are coccus bacteria.

That is, the main reason for the formation of a fistula is a large amount of pathogenic microflora in the mouth. Lack of hygiene, the accumulation of soft plaque and the formation of tartar provoke the appearance of a fistula in the gums. Over time, tartar grows and begins to put pressure on the gums. In addition, soft dental deposits spoil the aesthetics of a smile; pigment spots may appear on the enamel.

Another reason for the appearance of a fistula near a tooth may be infectious inflammation. Diseases such as tonsillitis, ARVI, and whooping cough reduce immunity, creating all the conditions for the proliferation of bacteria.

Features of fistula of a milk tooth

Many parents wonder whether there is a risk of developing a fistula when the child’s baby teeth have not yet been replaced by molars. There is a common myth that in this case there will be no chance of suppuration.

But in practice, even with baby teeth, a fistula can develop. Its main source is caries. If you do not deal with timely treatment, caries can greatly destroy the tooth, a dangerous infection will be introduced into the gums, and the gradual development of suppuration will be stimulated.

The more damaged the tooth, the higher the risk. Therefore, our dentists recommend paying close attention to preventive examinations of baby teeth in children. It is necessary to visit the dentist's office regularly to prevent an increase in the risk of the disease.

How to understand that a child is at risk of growing teeth in two rows?

Attentive parents should monitor the process of teeth growth and loss. The change of dentition begins at 6-8 years: the first to fall out are the central and lateral incisors. At 9-11 years old, the lower canines change. By the age of 10-12, the upper canines and small molars grow. The formation of the bite ends at the age of 13-14 years.

A child’s tooth grows above the tooth when the baby tooth does not leave its place in due time. In this case, parents should definitely consult a doctor. The earlier the pathology is detected, the easier it is to correct the child’s second dentition.

You don’t have to wait for your baby teeth to suddenly fall out on their own! If you notice that your child’s molars are cutting in, but his baby teeth aren’t even loose yet, take him to the dentist. With “shark” teeth, not only the appearance, but also the shape of the jaw is disrupted.

The main symptoms of gum fistula in children

It is very important to understand that a child is at risk of developing a fistula at a very early stage. But often parents in precisely this situation cannot find any signs of a problem. Inflammation can indeed form without serious external manifestations.

But as the disease progresses, the symptoms become more and more severe. First of all, a small swelling appears at the site of inflammation. Over time, it begins to become more and more pronounced, turns red, and the tissues can warm up from the inside.

Symptoms change with development. Among the important indications:

• It's a dull pain. Usually it turns out to be quite strong, the child begins to complain and be capricious. It may pass for a while and this will lull your vigilance. But there is a serious risk that the sensations will soon return and be even more noticeable.
• Swelling on the gum. It may look like a small abscess, similar to those that sometimes appear on human skin.
• Cone development. Usually it is quite large in size and has a whitish tint. In the inflamed area, the pain intensifies and other unpleasant sensations appear.
• Tooth mobility. It becomes more noticeable as the disease spreads. The tooth becomes very loose, and in the later stages it can even come out of the gums.
• Discharge from the inflamed area. When you press on the gum, it begins to ooze pus and blood.

Also, in the later stages of inflammation, a strong bad breath appears, and other unpleasant symptoms may develop.

It is often possible to find a fistula even on your own during an external examination. Moreover, without a properly selected treatment program, inflammation can spread deeper into the tissue and gradually worsen.

Mouthguard as a preventive measure for the second dentition

In dental practice, mouth guards are worn by children over four years of age. At this age, the child is already consciously approaching wearing a trainer and can wear it for a long time. The device is made according to individual casts, taking into account the characteristics of jaw development. The material from which the mouthguard is made is soft and does not injure the mucous membrane.

From the age of two, children can wear removable plates to correct bad habits. If a child often sucks a pacifier or fingers, his bite does not develop properly. These children are more likely to have teeth growing in two rows. A soft plate will help avoid this.

In our clinic, parents trust doctors with their most valuable asset – their children. You can rely on our specialists in any situation. To confirm these words, we publish reviews from our grateful clients.

Natadent specialists know how to win over the youngest patients. Most guys leave the dentist's office without the same fears. True professionals in their field not only master their tools flawlessly, but also make every trip to them as comfortable as possible.

Diagnostic methods

Typically, parents or a dentist detect fistulas at a very early stage. They are localized on the outer or inner side of the gums and reveal themselves by noticeable swelling and the appearance of a whitish lump.

It is very important not to self-treat when a problem is discovered. If your baby has baby teeth, improper treatment can pose a risk to the formation of the dentition. When the teeth are molars, there will also be a lot of problems, and there is a risk of needing extraction.

At the dentist's appointment, the doctor will carefully examine the child and take an x-ray. The location of the inflammation, its nature, and estimated depth are taken into account. Already at the first visit, the doctor begins to develop treatment methods to try to solve the problem without surgical intervention.

How is surgery performed to expose the crown of an impacted tooth?

1. As a preliminary stage, preparation for the operation is carried out. The patient undergoes professional hygiene and sanitation to reduce the amount of infection in the oral cavity and speed up postoperative healing.
2. The operation to expose an impacted tooth is performed under local infiltration anesthesia and is considered a fairly serious surgical intervention.

The operation to expose the crown of an impacted tooth and install an orthodontic element on it can be carried out according to 2 schemes:

I Delayed bracket installation.

1. The mucous membrane in the projection of the crown of the impacted tooth is excised, the entire crown of the tooth is exposed, and a special tampon is installed in the wound.
2. After 2-3 days, a button or bracket is installed on the crown of the exposed tooth, which is tied to the orthodontic arch and traction begins.

II Bracket installation during surgery

1. The dentist-surgeon peels off a small mucoperiosteal flap and exposes part of the crown of the impacted tooth, onto which the locking element is immediately fixed.
2. The bracket is tied to an orthodontic arch or additional devices.
3. After installing the orthodontic element, the flap of tissue is placed in place and the wound is sutured.

The disadvantage of this method is that in this case, repeated surgical intervention is possible if the bracket on the tooth comes off.

After surgery, the patient is prescribed antibiotics and antiseptic rinses, if necessary, to speed up healing. Light, non-traumatic food is recommended.

The main risks of gum fistula and the risk of complications

Without proper timely treatment, fistulas often cause complications. They can affect not only the oral cavity, but also the internal organs of the baby.

There are several common risks:

• Severe intoxication of the body. Occurs because pus is constantly secreted from the wound. The pathogenic microflora that develops poses a great danger.
• Tooth loss. Sometimes it is necessary to remove only the one whose root has been affected. But cases with gradual spread of inflammation are also common, when several teeth need to be removed.
• Damage to the periosteum. It has far-reaching consequences associated with inflammation of tissues and bones, and the need for surgical intervention.
• Sinusitis. The infection quickly spreads to the human maxillary sinuses and begins to rapidly progress, covering ever larger areas.

Other dangerous potential complications include the need for perforation of the cheek, flux, removal of tonsils, and gastrointestinal disorders.

As with any other type of inflammation, the hours begin to count. Therefore, if a problem occurs, you need to seek dental help as quickly as possible.

Complications

If the pathology is not eliminated in a timely manner, complications may develop. Among them:

1. tonsillitis;
2. flux;
3. destruction of healthy gum tissue;
4. inflammatory processes in the stomach and intestines (purulent contents enter the digestive tract with saliva);
5. improper eruption of permanent teeth;
6. tooth loss.

Main treatment methods

The answer to the question of how to treat a fistula on the gum in a child is given by the dentist after a careful examination of the patient and collection of anamnesis. It is important that the doctor considers the process comprehensively, using not only medication, but also therapeutic methods. Sometimes proper local surgical intervention is also necessary. Let's talk about each of the listed measures in more detail.

First aid methods

When parents and a child visit the dentist, they need to answer questions about how long ago the first symptoms appeared and whether the child has other concomitant diseases. At the first stage, the symptoms of the disease are relieved, and then a deeper plan is drawn up to eliminate the root cause of poor health.

There are several basic first aid methods:

• Relieving pain syndrome. If the baby has a high fever and all signs of inflammation, you can give him antihistamines - Nurofen, Cifecon, paracetamol.
• Reducing swelling. It is best to use safe gels, such as Kalgel.
• Removal of pathogenic bacteria. Most often, this reduces inflammation. It is recommended to rinse or carefully treat the affected area with Miramistin or Chlorhexidine.

First aid helps to slow down the spread of the inflammatory process and reduce it. But you should take medications only with a clear understanding that the baby is not intolerant to them. It is best to consult a doctor.

Subsequent drug treatment will be based on taking properly selected antimicrobial drugs, antiseptics, anti-inflammatory and antihistamines.

Surgical intervention

Surgery is usually the last option to correct the situation. Doctors resort to it when other means are completely ineffective.

The main reason for prescribing such treatment is the widespread spread of soft tissue inflammation. The area becomes more and more extensive, and pus is actively flowing from the fistula.

In this case, the doctor removes the fistula and scrapes out the affected tissue. Today, laser processing is used for this purpose, which automatically seals small vessels. The likelihood of infection is minimal and the procedure itself is much faster and painless than using traditional surgical instruments.

Next, depending on the situation, the question of the need to remove the tooth is considered. Often it can be preserved and done with simple filling of the canals. A more detailed answer to the question about treatment methods can only be given after a careful examination of the patient.

Is gum grafting painful?

No . Operations to eliminate gum recession are performed under local anesthesia; the surgical intervention is 100% painless. In the postoperative period, especially with gum plastic surgery using local tissues, patients often do not experience pain at all. If pain occurs, it is usually only on the day of surgery, a couple of hours after the intervention, when the effect of the local anesthetic wears off. During this period, the pain is perfectly eliminated with painkillers prescribed by the doctor. During the entire rehabilitation period, on average, 1-2 painkiller tablets are required.

In cases of gum plastic surgery using a “patch,” unpleasant sensations may be added due to the presence of a donor zone, which, according to patients, resembles the feeling “as if you grabbed hot tea,” but this does not always occur. The presence/absence of pain is determined by the area from which the “patch” is taken. If anatomical conditions allow, doctors can remove the graft from the donor area absolutely painlessly.

How to treat a fistula at home

We emphasize that home treatment is only one of the auxiliary methods prescribed by a doctor.

At home, you will need to treat the oral cavity using special decoctions with a pronounced calming and antiseptic effect. You can use decoctions of calendula and chamomile, solutions of salt and soda.

Also allowed are lotions made from aloe and Kalanchoe, and the application of special ointments prepared at home. They are made using crushed chamomile herbs mixed with sea buckthorn oil.

This home treatment can significantly speed up the recovery period and reduce your child’s discomfort.

Are traditional medicine effective and what can be used?

Folk remedies - an addition to the main therapy . They can help relieve discomfort and speed up healing. For children, it is allowed to use prescriptions in consultation with a doctor. Infusions and compresses from medicinal plants have proven themselves to be effective.

1. 1 tbsp. l. calendula and chamomile, pour 250 ml of boiling water and leave for 2 hours. Strain and dilute with cooled boiled water by half. Use as a mouth rinse after every meal and before bed. Prepare a new infusion daily.
2. Wash the aloe leaf, cut off the thorns and grind with a meat grinder. Grate the garlic. Combine the ingredients 1:4 and wrap in several layers of gauze. Apply to the sore gum for 15 minutes. Apply the compress morning and evening.
3. Measure out 1 tsp. baking soda. Dilute it with 200 ml of warm water and add 6 drops of iodine. Mix and use as a rinse 4 times a day.

To make regeneration faster, grind the leaves of homemade geranium into a pulp. Place in gauze and apply to the gums 2-3 times a day for a quarter of an hour.

Folk remedies can be used in combination with traditional treatment and only with the permission of a doctor

Prevention methods

Fistula can appear in any child, so it is very important to correctly approach the methods of its prevention. Among them are:

• Strict adherence to oral hygiene practices.
• Moderate consumption of sweets, avoidance of candies and anything that can hurt your gums.
• Regularly inspect your gums for damage.
• Treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases.
• Periodic examinations at the dentist.

The sooner the problem is identified, the easier it will be to get rid of it and the less harm it will cause to the baby’s body.

Symptoms

Signs of fistula formation include:

• aching pain that increases in the evening;
• burning and itching of gums;
• swelling in the affected area;
• gum hyperemia;
• increased body temperature;
• general weakness, chills;
• increased irritability;
• apathy.

The appearance of symptoms of pathology is individual for everyone. Some may experience very severe pain and discomfort in the mouth, while for others the symptoms may be almost invisible.

How to Avoid Gum Recession

In order not to expose the neck of the tooth, it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle, maintain proper nutrition, and carry out prophylaxis with a vitamin and mineral complex (with the doctor’s permission). In addition, regular dental care is recommended. This means not only hygiene, but also timely treatment.

If the neck of the tooth is exposed, you need to contact a qualified specialist at Dr. Sadov’s clinic, who will conduct an examination, prescribe an examination, on the basis of which a treatment plan will be drawn up. Self-medication is strictly prohibited. Use traditional methods only after consulting a doctor. Otherwise, the condition may only get worse.